Distinguished Chair and esteemed participants; I am a retired general whose entire career has been grounded in hard facts, figures, and operational realities. The central question I submit for your evaluation today is straightforward: Can Western Europe truly defend itself against potential military threats or conduct sustained military operations? Addressing this question requires an objective analysis across four dimensions: the social environment, political posture, strategic assets, and operational forces.

Regarding the social environment, the high standard of living in Western Europe, intense competition with the private sector, and stringent recruitment criteria make it exceptionally difficult to attract and retain military personnel. Combined with housing infrastructure deficits and the domestic burdens placed on service members’ families, Western armies suffer from a profound structural personnel crisis. Politically, a sharp disconnect exists between European populations and their political elites. While citizens increasingly protest endless military aid packages and fear escalation, political leaders in countries like Germany and Poland push an exaggerated narrative of an imminent Russian attack—a scenario that lacks logical strategic justification.

From a strategic and operational standpoint, Europe’s posture remains critically fragile. Modern military operations depend heavily on strategic transport, satellite intelligence, and secure communications. Currently, Europe lacks sovereign strategic capabilities in these domains, relying heavily on non-European or civilian assets (such as commercial satellite networks in Ukraine). Developing independent systems demands vast financial investments, advanced research, and time that Europe simply does not possess. When comparing operational forces, while Europe may hold theoretical advantages in specific technological niches, Russia demonstrates decisive superiority in heavy armor, artillery volume, integrated military doctrine, and combat readiness. Given the persistent deficits in troop numbers, logistics, and political resolve openly acknowledged by defense ministers, the notion that Western Europe can independently guarantee its own defense remains a surreal narrative.